![]() Using the wrong antifreeze coolant can cause extensive cooling system damage So mixing different types of antifreeze coolants or add the wrong antifreeze coolant can actually CAUSE corrosion, pitting of water pump, rust formation in radiator and total cooling system degradation. In addition to interactions between inorganic inhibitors, there’s also the issue of incompatibility between the all makes, all models universal antifreeze and the rubber and plastics used in the engine and cooling system components. In fact, many car makers have issued service bulletins warning not to use the wrong antifreeze just for this reason. To cover their bases, these all makes, all models universal antifreeze formulas use a small amount of every inorganic inhibitor, which causes corrosion by itself because the inhibitors interact poorly with each other. Since the product is billed as all makes, all models, it’s can’t possibly be vehicle specific, so it’s really a compromised product that provides LESS corrosion protection than the factory formula. Generally, all makes all models universal antifreeze is 96% ethylene glycol and just 2 to 5% inhibitors. How can antifreeze manufacturers claim their product is all makes, all models or universal? HOAT coolants also contain an azole additive as a copper corrosion inhibitor. Yet the low silicate concentration doesn’t damage water pump seals. The inorganic corrosion inhibitor provides rapid passivation until the organic acid portion can take full effect. HOAT, for example, may use organic acid with a low silicate inorganic corrosion inhibitors. Some car makers recommend Hybrid Organic Acid (HOAT) antifreeze formulas that use an organic anion as the primary corrosion inhibitor, along with an inorganic corrosion inhibitor. Since car makers vary the types of rubber and plastics by year, make, model and engine, there are simply too many variations for any antifreeze manufacturer to claim their product works in all makes, all models and is universal. ![]() However, the exact formulation MUST be compatible with the plastic and rubber components used in a particular engine/cooling system combination. They are non-abrasive, so they don’t damage water pump seals. Organic acid inhibitors protect aluminum and cast iron components. They offer much longer life than inorganic inhibitors, but take much longer to form a protective film than inorganic inhibitors. Organic acid antifreeze comes in different colors Organic acid compounds combine with the metals to form a hydrophobic protection barrier that prevent corrosion. OAT coolants also contain an azole additive as a copper corrosion inhibitor. Common organic acid compounds are: 2-ethylhexanoic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic amines, urea, Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), benzotriazole e toliotriazol, aldehydes, heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, sulfur-containing compounds and acetylenic compounds and also ascorbic acid, succinic acid, tryptamine, caffeine and extracts of natural substances. Organic acid corrosion (OAC) inhibitors or organic acid technology (OAT) coolant can act as cathodic or anodic inhibitors, or a combination of the two. Poly Organic Acid Technology (POAT) – Variation of OAT Common organic corrosion inhibitors Nitrited Molybdate Organic Technology (NMOAT) – Contains Molybdate and used mainly with diesel engines. Nitrited Organic Acid Technology (NOAT)-OAT with no silicates or phosphates Hybrid Organic Acid Technology OAT- OAT plus a low dose of silicate. Often contain 2-EHA and /or Sebacate for corrosion protection ![]() Organic Acid Technology OAT- no silicates. Some examples of inorganic cathodic inhibitors are the ions of magnesium, zinc, and nickel. To achieve this, the antifreeze contains metal ions that precipitate on cathodic metal within the engine and cooling system. ![]() Organic acid technology, prevent corrosion on a molecular level, not a film layer. Silicate and phosphate lay down a physical film layer of corrosion protection. Organic Acid coolant works differently than silicate/phosphate coolants. What’s the difference between antifreeze and coolant? See this post Most late model vehicles use an organic acid additive package What is Organic Acid Coolant Technology? The other 5% is the additive package corrosion inhibitors to protect against metal corrosion, galvanic action and cavitation erosion and the inhibitors used must also be compatible with rubber and plastic seals, gaskets and fittings. The Glocol makes up about 95% of the coolant. That fluid is compatible with all engine materials. The base fluid in all coolant is monoethylene or polyethylene glycol. ![]()
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